Review of Psychopathy. Return to Main page. Review of Psychopathy. Update: 2. 01. 3- 2.
Under construction. Table of contents. 9781596464438 1596464437 Emma's E Book = - El Libro E de Emma, Judith Mazzeo Zocchi 4005939689827 Speed Racer, Michael Giacchino, Robert Townson, Erick Labson. 9781436820509 1436820502 Description of Coal Flora V1 - Of the. Suggested Citation: '4 SOCIAL SERVICE INTERVENTIONS.' Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. Violence in Families: Assessing Prevention and Treatment Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1998. Risk Factors for Injury to Women from Domestic Violence. Kyriacou, M.D., Ph.D., Deirdre Anglin, M.D., M.P.H., Ellen Taliaferro, M.D., Susan Stone, M.D., M.P.H., Toni Tubb, M.D., Judith A. Return to top. 1). Synopsis of Psychopathy The long history of heterogeneity in both terminology and theory about psychopathy continues. The modern era of thinking about psychopathy begins with Cleckley's work, originally done in 1. Cleckley's emphasis of the psychopath as a constellation of various personality traits was essentially overturned by the American psychiatric establishment in revisions to the DSM, culminating in 1. Robert Hare, through his writing and widely popular testing initiatives, returned to a personality/trait approach derived from Cleckley's original factors. Hare's approach and tests have been particularly influential both in practical forensic settings and in academic research. Although a number of other tests of psychopathy have been developed and a number of authors have expressed reservations about Hare, Hare's approach has dominated. Hare has also been important in popularizing psychopathy in the lay public, especially via his 1. Without conscience and by the 2. Snakes in suits, a work he co- authored, examining the psychopath in a business context. This business/leadership theme was later followed up by Lawrence (2. Hare's works have tended to be somewhat sensationalized and have co- mingled academic and lay (newspaper type) accounts. Despite much research on neurophysiological correlates of psychopathy, no clear consensus has developed yet concerning a neuropsychological theory of psychopathy. Many points of controversy are left unanswered and many key issues remain to be addressed.— Types of psychopaths commonly identified: Primary psychopaths. Secondary . Psychopaths do. They tend not to. In conjunction with their unfeeling and incessant. Psychopaths are at increased risk of engaging in both. Instrumental aggression. The. primary goal is not necessarily to injure others but simply to. This isn't aggression that arises. Reactive aggression, on the other hand, is much more impulsive and emotion driven and arises from a perceived. The two types of. The mob hit man may. The point is that the. While. violence may be an option, a psychopath is just as willing to use. The bottom line: psychopaths can. Schouten and Silver, 2. Psychopathy Is Not Synonymous with Criminality: Of course, given their proclivity for ignoring social norms and. Nevertheless, not all psychopaths are violent or. In fact, most psychopaths manage to avoid. Either their. transgressions of social norms, while destructive and painful to. Some. psychopaths can control their self- serving behaviors so they. In some circumstances, psychopathic. A. superficially charming and engaging personality combined with. Antisocial personality disorder (APD)— Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is not synonymous with psychopathy: most psychopaths will also be given an APD diagnosis, however, many who are diagnosed as APD are not considered psychopaths (a unique group receiving little research attention). Others have suggested results of therapy are essentially unknown based upon today's data.— Adolescent psychopathy is essentially similar to adult psychopathy versus the view that adult and adolescent psychopathy differ significantly.— Psychopathy reflects a heterogeneous group versus the view that psychopathy reflects a relatively uniform, homogeneous group.— There is high convergent validity between measures of psychopathy and APD versus the view that there is poor convergent validity between the two.— Psychopathy . For example, there is a strong tendency to sensationalism or exaggeration: . For example, should psychopathy be seen as a taxon (a category) or as an attribute (as a symptom), whether to view it as a dimension (with quantitative degrees of severity) or as a set of discrete types or, other? As an example of other, psychopathy may be seen as a neurophysiological disease/ brain disorder (Based on Millon 2. If it is categorical, then psychopathy is. Originally. Hare (1. Return to top. 3). A brief historical context. The concept of psychopathy has been described many times in many ways, in part, reflecting the heterogeneity of the underlying phenomena. For one of the best overall introductions to the history, see Millon, T., Simonsen, E., & Birket- Smith, M. Historical conceptions of psychopathy in the Unites States and Europe. Birket- Smith, & R. Davis (Eds.), Psychopathy: Antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior (pp. This list is not comprehensive, dates are approximate. Franz Joseph Gall, German physician, in the late 1. Three were linked to criminal behavior if they were highly. In general, Gall helped. Wetzell, 2. 00. 0, pp. Phillipe Pinel, a French physician, is generally credited with recognizing psychopathy as a specific mental disorder. The individual was seen as a victim of a moral character defect. Pinel 1. 80. 1 described a condition termed manie sans d. Pinel's student Jean- Etienne Esquirol introduced the notion. Analyses of criminal statistics, early. Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet, a Belgian. Andr. Their main finding was. Quetelet and Guerry concluded that the. Instead, they found that the. Quetelet argued that society bore substantial responsibility for the crimes committed. Wetzell, 2. 00. 0, p. Pritchard, an English physician (1. Strongly influenced by Pinel and Esquirol, Prichard distinguished. The latter he called moral insanity. But while Prichard's term originally designated emotional- volitional. France and the German states moral insanity. Pritchard helped to differentiate personality from mental disorder by distinguishing between more transient symptomatic states and those that are related to more enduring characteristics. This was an important distinction that contributed to the emergence of the idea of personality (Livesley, 2. B. By positing that one type of mental disorder. Morel offered an explanation for almost all. Wetzell, 2. 00. 0, p. Maudsley, British psychiatrist (1. Pritchard's concept further by noting that some individuals seem to lack a moral sense, thereby differentiating what was to become the concept of psychopathy in the more modern sense. Cesare Lombroso, Italian criminologist and physician, (1. L'uomo delinquente (Criminal man). Lombroso argued that. Wetzell, 2. 00. 0, p. Lombroso initially characterized the born criminal as a throwback to an. Prichard's concept of moral. Wetzell, 2. 00. 0, p. Kraepelin, a German psychiatrist (1. The book's new classification of mental illnesses, which was based on the. Kraepelin as the dean of German psychiatry. Kraepelin called for the medicalization of criminal justice, proposing that the practice of fixed prison sentences be. Wetzell, 2. 00. 0, p. Kraepelin (1. 88. The morally insane suffer from congenital defects in their ability to restrain reckless gratification of egotistical desires. Abraham Baer (1. 89. The causes of crime were social, not biological—degeneration was frequent among criminals because most. Wetzell, 2. 00. 0, p. Paul Nacke (1. 89. Whether. this disposition would lead to psychosis or criminal behavior depended on the. Nacke insisted, . Hans Kurella, German psychiatrist (1. Thus the fundamental. Kraepelin (1. 89. Described several forms of psychopathic states of degeneration. Described four types — morbid liars and swindlers who are glib and charming but with a lack of morality or responsibility — the second group of . Koch (1. 89. 1) proposed the term psychopathic inferiority as an alternative to moral insanity to refer to these individuals. The term psychopathic was used as a label to signify Koch's belief that a physical basis existed for these . For the next 4. 0 years or so, the label psychopathic conveyed Koch's idea that personality was physically rooted/constitutional. At about the same time, the concept of degeneration, taken from French psychiatry, was introduced to explain this behavior. The idea of psychopathy as distinct from other mental disorders began to gain acceptance. Koch (1. 89. 4) divided habitual criminals into mentally healthy and mentally. With respect to this last category, he. But, he argued, there was also a second group. Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist (1. Kraepelin's diagnosis of dementia praecox and giving it. Bleuler maintained that . Bleuler. What the born criminal is lacking is not the laws to be instilled, but the. This. defect can be congenital. Since it is primarily emotional resonance, not logical reasoning that determines our behavior, such people have to become criminals as a result of the congenitally defective organization of their brain, which does not allow for the development of ethical sentiments. Those who conclude that there cannot be born criminals because morality is not inborn are guilty of the same fallacy as anyone trying to argue that because language is not inborn, no one can be born deaf. Kraepelin (1. 90. Kraepelin revised his textbook: the section called . Kraepelin (1. 91. Psychopaths described as deficient in either affect or volition, broken into two types — those with a morbid disposition — obsessive, impulsive, sexual deviants and a second group with personality peculiarities. These were divided into seven subgroups: excitable, unstable, impulsive, eccentric, liars and swindlers, antisocial, and quarrelsome. The antisocial personalities in this group were the explicit forerunners of our modern conceptualization. Adolph Meyer (1. 90. Birnbaum (1. 90. 9) Appears to be the first to suggest the term sociopathic — that antisocial behavior reflected the operation of social forces that made acceptable forms of behavior difficult to acquire. Freud never focused specifically on criminal behavior but he emphasized that modern civilization is built upon the suppression of instincts and that each individual must surrender some part of his or her aggressive or vindictive inclination.
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